2020 840i
Highlights
Detailed Specifications
- 20' X 8' Front and 20' X 9' Rear M V-Spoke Wheels
- Apple CarPlay Compatibility
- CD Player Prep
- Front Ventilated Seats
- Neck Warmer
- Runflat Tires
- SiriusXM Satellite Radio
- WiFi Hotspot
- Wireless Charging
- Comfort Seating Package
- Driving Assistance Package
- M Sport Package
- Brake Assist
- Clock
- Door Mirrors and Steering Wheel
- External Memory Control and 20 Gb Internal Memory
- Front And Rear Vented Discs
- Hill Descent Control
- Hill Hold Control and Electric Parking Brake
- Metal-Look Interior Accents and Nappa Leather Upholstered Dashboard
- Power Folding and Turn Signal Indicator
- Radio Data System
- Speed Compensated Volume Control
- Steering Wheel Controls
- Voice Activation
- 12V power outlets 2 12V power outlets
- 16 Speakers
- 18 Gal. Fuel Tank
- 2 12V DC Power Outlets
- 2 LCD Monitors In The Front
- 2.93 Axle Ratio
- 4-Wheel Disc Brakes
- 4-Wheel Disc Brakes w/4-Wheel ABS
- 8-Speed A/T
- A/C
- A/T
- ABS
- ABS Brakes 4-wheel antilock (ABS) brakes
- ABS Brakes Four channel ABS brakes
- Accessory power Retained accessory power
- Adaptive headlights Directionally adaptive headlights
- Adjustable Steering Wheel
- Aerial View Display System
- Air conditioning Yes
- Air Filtration
- Airbag Occupancy Sensor
- All-in-one key All-in-one remote fob and ignition key
- Alternator Type Brake Energy Regeneration regenerative alternator
- Aluminum Wheels
- AM/FM Stereo
- Ambient lighting
- Amplifier
- Antenna Diversity antenna
- Antenna Window grid audio antenna
- Armrests front center Front seat center armrest
- Armrests front heated Heated front seat center armrest
- Audio Theft Deterrent
- Audio theft deterrent Audio system theft deterrent
- Auto door locks Auto-locking doors
- Auto headlights Auto on/off headlight control
- Auto high-beam headlights High Beam Assistant auto high-beam headlights
- Auto levelling headlights Auto-leveling headlights
- Auto On/Off Projector Beam Led Low/High Beam w/Laser Supplement Auto-Leveling Directionally Adaptive Auto High-Beam Daytime Running Lights Preference Setting Headlamps w/Delay-Off
- Auto tilt steering wheel Auto tilt-away steering wheel
- Auto-dimming door mirror driver Auto-dimming driver side mirror
- Auto-Dimming Rearview Mirror
- Automatic brake hold
- Automatic Equalizer
- Automatic Headlights
- Automatic Highbeams
- Automatic Parking
- Automatic w/Driver Control Ride Control Suspension
- Back-Up Camera
- Basic warranty 48 month/50,000 miles
- Battery charge warning
- Battery run down protection
- Battery type Lead acid battery
- Battery w/Run Down Protection
- Beverage holders Front beverage holders
- Blind spot Active Blind Spot Detection
- Blind Spot Monitor
- Bluetooth Connection
- Bluetooth Wireless Phone Connectivity
- Body panels Galvanized steel/aluminum body panels with side impact beams
- Body-Colored Door Handles
- Body-Colored Front Bumper
- Body-Colored Power Heated Side Mirrors w/Driver Auto Dimming
- Body-Colored Rear Bumper w/Gray Rub Strip/Fascia Accent
- Brake Assist
- Brake assist system
- Brake pad warning Brake pad wear indicator
- Brake type 4-wheel disc brakes
- Bucket Seats
- Built-in virtual assistant
- Bulb warning Bulb failure warning
- Bumper rub strip rear Gray rear bumper rub strip
- Bumpers front Body-colored front bumper
- Bumpers rear Body-colored rear bumper
- Cabin air filter
- Camera Aerial view camera
- Cargo access Comfort Access proximity cargo area access release
- Cargo Area Concealed Storage
- Cargo floor type Carpet cargo area floor
- Cargo light Cargo area light
- Cargo Space Lights
- Cargo tie downs Cargo area tie downs
- Carpet Floor Trim and Carpet Trunk Lid/Rear Cargo Door Trim
- CD CD-compatible stereo
- Cell phone Cell phone pre-wiring
- Cell Phone Pre-Wiring
- Chrome Grille
- Chrome Side Windows Trim
- Climate Control
- Climate control Automatic climate control
- Clock Digital clock
- Compressor Intercooled turbo
- Concealed cargo storage Cargo area concealed storage
- Configurable instrumentation gauges
- Console insert material Stainless steel console insert
- Convertible glass window Convertible roof with glass rear window
- Convertible roll-over protection Automatic convertible roll-over protection
- Convertible roof lining
- Convertible roof Power convertible roof
- Convertible Soft Top
- Convertible wind blocker Manual convertible wind blocker
- Cooled Front Seat(s)
- Cooled front seats Ventilated driver and front passenger seats
- Cornering Lights
- Corrosion perforation warranty 144 month/unlimited
- Cross-Traffic Alert
- Cruise Control
- Cruise control Cruise control with steering wheel mounted controls
- Cruise Control w/Steering Wheel Controls
- Cylinder head material Aluminum cylinder head
- Dashboard material Nappa leather upholstered dashboard
- Day-Night Auto-Dimming Rearview Mirror
- Day/Night rearview mirror
- Daytime Running Lights
- Delay off headlights Delay-off headlights
- Delayed Accessory Power
- Digital signal processor
- Digital/Analog Appearance
- Door ajar warning Rear cargo area ajar warning
- Door bins front Driver and passenger door bins
- Door handle material Body-colored door handles
- Door locks Power door locks with 2 stage unlocking
- Door mirror style Body-colored door mirrors
- Door mirror type Standard style side mirrors
- Door mirror with tilt-down in reverse Power passenger door mirror with tilt down in reverse
- Door panel insert Metal-look door panel insert
- Door trim insert Leather door trim insert
- Double Wishbone Front Suspension w/Coil Springs
- Drive type Rear-wheel drive
- Driver Adjustable Lumbar
- Driver Air Bag
- Driver And Passenger Door Bins
- Driver And Passenger Side Airbag Head Extension
- Driver And Passenger Visor Vanity Mirrors w/Driver And Passenger Illumination
- Driver attention monitor Fatigue and Focus Alert driver attention alert
- Driver foot rest
- Driver Illuminated Vanity Mirror
- Driver information center
- Driver lumbar Driver seat with 4-way power lumbar
- Driver Monitoring
- Driver Monitoring-Alert
- Driver seat direction Driver seat with 14-way directional controls
- Driver selectable steering effort Driving Experience Control driver selectable steering effort
- Driver side rear seat easy entry Power driver side rear seat easy entry
- Driver Vanity Mirror
- Drivetrain selectable Driving Experience Control driver selectable drivetrain mode
- DRL preference setting
- Dual Stage Driver And Passenger Front Airbags
- Dual Stage Driver And Passenger Seat-Mounted Side Airbags
- Dual Stainless Steel Exhaust w/Chrome Tailpipe Finisher
- Dual Zone Front Automatic Air Conditioning
- Dual-zone front climate control
- Electric Power-Assist Speed-Sensing Steering
- Electro-Mechanical Limited Slip Differential
- Electronic parking brake
- Electronic stability control DSC electronic stability control system
- Emergency SOS Capable BMW Assist eCall vehicle integrated emergency SOS system
- Emissions LEV3-ULEV125 emissions
- Emissions tiers Tier 3 Bin 125 emissions
- Engine 3L I-6 gasoline direct injection, DOHC, variable valve control, intercooled turbo, premium unleaded, engine with 335HP
- Engine Auto Stop-Start Feature
- Engine block material Aluminum engine block
- Engine Configuration I6
- Engine Location Front mounted engine
- Engine Mounting direction Longitudinal mounted engine
- Engine Short 3L I-6 DOHC
- Engine temperature warning
- Engine: 3.0L TwinPower Turbo DOHC I-6 24V
- Equalizer Automatic audio equalizer
- External memory External memory control
- Fade-To-Off Interior Lighting
- First-row windows Power first-row windows
- Fixed Rear Window w/Defroster
- Fixed Rear Windows
- Floor console Full floor console
- Floor console storage Covered floor console storage
- Floor coverage Full floor coverage
- Floor covering Full carpet floor covering
- Floor mats Carpet front and rear floor mats
- Fob engine controls Comfort Access with hands-free access and push button start
- Folding door mirrors Power folding door mirrors
- Folding rear seats 50-50 folding rear seats
- Forward collision warning Frontal Collision Warning w/City Collision Mitigation forward collision mitigation
- Front And Rear Anti-Roll Bars
- Front anti-roll Front anti-roll bar
- Front camera Surround View w/3D View front mounted camera
- Front Center Armrest
- Front Collision Mitigation
- Front cornering lights
- Front Cupholder
- Front head restraint control Manual front seat head restraint control
- Front head restraints Height and tilt adjustable front seat head restraints
- Front impact airbag driver Driver front impact airbag
- Front impact airbag passenger Passenger front impact airbag
- Front Map Lights
- Front passenger lumbar Front passenger seat with 4-way power lumbar
- Front reading lights
- Front seat neck and shoulder heater
- Front seat type Sport front bucket seats
- Front seat upholstery Merino leather front seat upholstery
- Front seatback upholstery Plastic front seatback upholstery
- Front Side Air Bag
- Front side impact airbag driver Seat mounted side impact driver airbag
- Front side impact airbag passenger Seat mounted side impact front passenger airbag
- Frontal Collision Warning w/City Collision Mitigation
- Fuel door lock Power fuel door lock
- Fuel Type Premium unleaded
- Full Carpet Floor Covering -inc: Carpet Front And Rear Floor Mats
- Full Cloth Headliner
- Full Floor Console w/Covered Storage and 2 12V DC Power Outlets
- Galvanized Steel/Aluminum Panels
- Garage door opener
- Garage Door Transmitter
- Gas-Pressurized Shock Absorbers
- Gasoline Fuel
- Gauge cluster display size (inches) Gauge cluster display size: 12.30
- Gearshifter material Leather and metal-look gear shifter material
- Glove box Illuminated locking glove box
- Grille style Chrome grille
- Hands-Free Liftgate
- Handsfree Bluetooth handsfree wireless device connectivity
- Hard Disk Drive Media Storage
- HD Radio
- Head airbag Driver and passenger head protection airbag
- Head up display Head-up display
- Head-Up Display
- Headlight type Projector beam headlights
- Headlights BMW Laserlight LED low and high beam headlights with laser supplement
- Headlights on reminder
- Headlights-Auto-Leveling
- Headlights-Automatic Highbeams
- Headliner coverage Full headliner coverage
- Headliner material Cloth headliner material
- Heads-Up Display
- Heated door mirrors Heated driver and passenger side door mirrors
- Heated door panel
- Heated Front Seat(s)
- Heated front seats Heated driver and front passenger seats
- Heated Leather Steering Wheel w/Auto Tilt-Away
- Heated Mirrors
- Heated steering wheel
- Heated wipers Heated front windshield jets
- High mount stop light High mounted center stop light
- Hill control Hill descent control
- Hill start assist
- HVAC -inc: Underseat Ducts
- Ignition Spark ignition system
- Ignition type Push-button
- Illuminated entry
- Illuminated glove box
- Illuminated ignition switch
- Illuminated Locking Glove Box
- Immobilizer
- Instrumentation display Live Cockpit Professional digital/analog instrumentation display
- Integrated navigation Integrated navigation system with voice activation
- Integrated Navigation System w/Voice Activation
- Integrated Turn Signal Mirrors
- Interior accents Metal-look interior accents
- Interior courtesy lights Fade interior courtesy lights
- Interior lock disable
- Interior Trim -inc: Metal-Look Door Panel Insert
- Intermittent Wipers
- Internal storage GB 20 GB internal storage
- Internal storage Internal storage capability
- Internet access Wi-Fi Hotspot with complimentary 3-month or 3GB trial mobile hotspot internet access
- Internet radio capability
- Key in vehicle warning
- Keyfob cargo controls Keyfob trunk control
- Keyfob keyless entry
- Keyfob remote start
- Keyfob window controls Keyfob window control
- Keyless Start
- Lane departure Lane Departure Warning
- Lane Departure Warning
- Leather Door Trim Insert
- Leather Seats
- Leather Steering Wheel
- Leather/Metal-Look Gear Shifter Material
- LED brake lights
- LED Brakelights
- LED Headlights
- Left camera Surround View w/3D View left side camera
- Light Tinted Glass
- Limited slip differential M Sport Differential electro-mechanical limited slip differential
- Lock-up transmission
- Locking/Limited Slip Differential
- Low level warnings Low level warning for oil, coolant, fuel, washer fluid and brake fluid
- Low tire pressure warning Tire specific low air pressure warning
- Lumbar Support
- Maintenance warranty 36 month/36,000 miles
- Manual w/Tilt Front Head Restraints and Fixed Rear Head Restraints
- Memory Settings -inc: Driver And Passenger Seats
- Memory settings Memory settings include: door mirrors and steering wheel
- Mirror Memory
- MP3 Capability
- Multi-Link Rear Suspension w/Coil Springs
- Multi-mode exhaust
- Multi-Zone A/C
- Multiple headlights Multiple enclosed headlights
- Number of airbags 4 airbags
- Number of beverage holders 2 beverage holders
- Number of doors 2 doors
- Number of first-row screens 2 total number of 1st row displays
- Number of memory settings 2 memory settings
- Occupancy sensor Airbag occupancy sensor
- Oil pressure warning
- One-touch down window Driver and passenger one-touch down windows
- One-touch up window Driver and passenger one-touch up windows
- Outboard Front Lap And Shoulder Safety Belts -inc: Pretensioners
- Outside Temp Gauge
- Over the air updates
- Overdrive transmission
- Paint Non-metallic paint
- Pass-Through Rear Seat
- Passenger Adjustable Lumbar
- Passenger Air Bag
- Passenger Air Bag Sensor
- Passenger Illuminated Visor Mirror
- Passenger seat direction Front passenger seat with 14-way directional controls
- Passenger side rear seat easy entry Power passenger side rear seat easy entry
- Passenger Vanity Mirror
- Pedestrian detection City Collision Mitigation pedestrian impact prevention
- Perimeter Alarm
- Perimeter approach lighting Remote activated perimeter approach lighting
- Perimeter/Approach Lights
- Power 1st Row Windows w/Driver And Passenger 1-Touch Up/Down
- Power Door Locks
- Power Driver Seat
- Power driver seat controls Driver seat power reclining, lumbar support, cushion extension, seatback side bolster support, cushion tilt, articulating upper backrest, fore/aft control and height adjustable control
- Power Folding Mirrors
- Power Fuel Flap Locking Type
- Power Liftgate
- Power Mirror(s)
- Power Passenger Seat
- Power passenger seat controls Passenger seat power reclining, lumbar support, seatback side bolster support, cushion extension, cushion tilt, articulating upper backrest, fore/aft control and height adjustable control
- Power Steering
- Power Tilt/Telescoping Steering Column
- Power Trunk Rear Cargo Access
- Power Windows
- Powertrain type ICE
- Powertrain warranty 48 month/50,000 miles
- Premium Sound System
- Primary display size 10.2 inch primary display
- Primary display touchscreen Primary monitor touchscreen
- Radiator
- Radio AM/FM/digital/SiriusXMsatellite
- Radio w/Seek-Scan
- Rain detecting wipers
- Rain Sensing Wipers
- RDS Radio data system (RDS)
- Real time traffic Real-time traffic
- Real-Time Traffic Display
- Rear anti-roll Rear anti-roll bar
- Rear Bucket Seats
- Rear cargo door Power trunk
- Rear collision warning Cross-Traffic Alert Rear collision warning
- Rear Defrost
- Rear head restraint control 2 rear seat head restraints
- Rear head restraints Fixed rear head restraints
- Rear Parking Aid
- Rear seat direction Front facing rear seat
- Rear seat folding position Fold forward rear seatback
- Rear seat upholstery Merino leather rear seat upholstery
- Rear seatback upholstery Carpet rear seatback upholstery
- Rear seats fixed or removable Fixed rear seats
- Rear seats Rear bucket seats
- Rear Spoiler
- Rear Springs Regular grade rear springs
- Rear under seat ducts Rear under seat climate control ducts
- Rear Wheel Drive
- Rear window defroster
- Rear windshield Fixed rear windshield
- Rear-Wheel Drive
- Rearview mirror Auto-dimming rear view mirror
- Redundant Digital Speedometer
- Regenerative Alternator
- Regular Amplifier
- Remote Engine Start
- Remote panic alarm
- Remote Releases -Inc: Comfort Access Proximity Cargo Access
- Remote Trunk Release
- Requires Subscription
- Right camera Surround View w/3D View right side camera
- Roadside warranty 48 month/unlimited
- Rollover Protection Bars
- Running lights LED daytime running lights
- Satellite trial 12 month satellite trial subscription
- Seat Memory
- Seatbelt pretensioners Front seatbelt pretensioners
- Seatbelt pretensioners number 2 seatbelt pre-tensioners
- Seating capacity 4
- Second-row windows Fixed second-row windows
- Security system
- Seek scan
- Selectable mode transmission Driving Experience Control selectable mode transmission
- Sequential shift control STEPTRONIC Sequential shift with steering wheel controls
- Service interval warning BMW TeleServices service interval indicator
- Shock absorbers Gas-pressurized shock absorbers
- Shutters Active grille shutters
- Side Impact Beams
- Smart Device Integration
- Smart device integration Apple CarPlay Compatibility smart device wireless mirroring
- Smart device remote start
- Smart device-as-key proximity door locks BMW Digital Key smart device-as-key proximity door locks
- Soft close doors
- Soft top Retractable soft top
- Speakers Harman/kardon speakers
- Speakers number 16 speakers
- Special paint Monotone paint
- Speed Sensitive Rain Detecting Variable Intermittent Wipers w/Heated Jets
- Speed sensitive steering Servotronic speed sensitive power steering
- Speed sensitive volume
- Speed sensitive wipers
- Speedometer Redundant digital speedometer
- Split front seats Bucket front seats
- Spoiler Rear lip spoiler
- Sport pedals Sport style pedals
- Sport steering wheel M Sportsteering wheel
- Springs front Front coil springs
- Springs rear Rear coil springs
- Stability Control
- Start-stop engine Auto stop-start engine
- Steering Electric power-assist steering system
- Steering mounted audio control Steering wheel mounted audio controls
- Steering type Rack-pinion steering
- Steering Wheel Audio Controls
- Steering wheel material Leather steering wheel
- Steering wheel telescopic Power telescopic steering wheel
- Steering wheel tilt Power tilting steering wheel
- Straight 6 Cylinder Engine
- Streaming Audio
- Suspension control Dynamic Damper Control automatic suspension ride control with driver control
- Suspension ride type front Independent front suspension
- Suspension ride type rear Independent rear suspension
- Suspension Standard ride suspension
- Suspension type front Double wishbone front suspension
- Suspension type rear Multi-link rear suspension
- Tachometer
- Tailpipe Stainless steel dual exhaust with chrome tailpipe finisher
- Telematics
- Temperature display Exterior temperature display
- Tinted windows Light tinted windows
- Tire Pressure Monitor
- Tire Specific Low Tire Pressure Warning
- Tires - Front Performance
- Tires - Rear Performance
- Tracker System
- Traction Control
- Traction control All-speed ABS and driveline traction control
- Traffic camera Drive Recorder 360 degree traffic cameras
- Traffic sign information Speed Limit Info traffic sign recognition
- Transmission 8-speed automatic
- Transmission electronic control
- Transmission Type Automatic
- Transmission w/Dual Shift Mode
- Trip computer
- Trip odometer
- Trunk hatch Trunk/hatch auto-latching
- Trunk lid trim Carpet trunk lid trim
- Trunk/Hatch Auto-Latch
- Turbocharged
- Turn signal in door mirrors Turn signal indicator in door mirrors
- Universal Garage Door Opener
- USB ports 2 USB ports
- Valet Function
- Valet key
- Variable intake manifold
- Variable panel light Variable instrument panel light
- Variable Speed Intermittent Wipers
- Vehicle tracker
- Ventilated brakes Front and rear ventilated disc brakes
- Visor driver mirror Driver visor mirror
- Visor illuminated driver mirror Illuminated driver visor mirror
- Visor illuminated passenger mirror Illuminated passenger visor mirror
- Visor passenger mirror Passenger visor mirror
- Voice activated audio Voice activated audio controls
- Wheels w/Silver Accents
- WiFi Hotspot -inc: complimentary 3-month or 3GB trial
- Window Grid Diversity Antenna
- Window Trim Black side window trim
- Wipers Variable intermittent front windshield wipers
- Wireless device charging Qi front wireless smart device charging
- Wireless streaming Bluetooth wireless audio streaming
- ZDA
- ZMP
- ZSB
- Doors: 2
- Drivetrain: Rear Wheel Drive
- Engine: 3.0L Straight 6 Cylinder Engine 3.0G
- Fuel Type: Premium Unleaded
- Option Codes: ZSB
- Option Codes: ZDA
- Option Codes: ZN4
- Option Codes: ZX1
- Option Codes: 6DR
- Option Codes: ZX3
- Option Codes: ZX2
- Option Codes: 5AS
- Option Codes: ZN1
- Option Codes: 5DN
- Option Codes: ZMP
- Option Codes: ZLT
- Option Codes: 710
- Option Codes: 337
- Option Codes: 3DZ
- Option Codes: 4FM
- Option Codes: 715
- Option Codes: 4GP
- Option Codes: 1N1
- Option Codes: 258
- Option Codes: 453
- Option Codes: 4NH
- Option Codes: 655
- Option Codes: 65A
- Option Codes: 6CP
- Option Codes: 6NW
- Option Codes: 6WD
- Option Codes: 1CB
- Option Codes: 1CR
- Option Codes: 212
- Option Codes: 2T4
- Option Codes: 2VB
- Option Codes: 302
- Option Codes: 316
- Option Codes: 319
- Option Codes: 322
- Option Codes: 323
- Option Codes: 4HB
- Option Codes: 4NE
- Option Codes: 5AC
- Option Codes: 5AP
- Option Codes: 5AV
- Option Codes: 5AZ
- Option Codes: 5DS
- Option Codes: 645
- Option Codes: 6AC
- Option Codes: 6AE
- Option Codes: 6AK
- Option Codes: 6C4
- Option Codes: 6U3
- Option Codes: 760
- Option Codes: 823
- Option Codes: 842
- Option Codes: 845
- Option Codes: 850
- Option Codes: 853
- Option Codes: 8KL
- Option Codes: 8R9
- Option Codes: 8SM
- Option Codes: 8TL
- Option Codes: 8TN
- Option Codes: 925
- Option Codes: 992
- Option Codes: 9AA
- Option Codes: ZN3
- Option Codes: ZTM
- Option Codes: DEST
- Transmission: Automatic
- Trim: 840i
Call or visit Safford Chrysler Jeep Dodge of Warrenton today
Phone Number
(540) 347-6622
##MAP##
KEY FEATURES INCLUDE
Navigation, Quad Bucket Seats, Power Liftgate, Turbocharged, Premium Sound System, Satellite Radio, iPod/MP3 Input, Onboard Communications System, Chrome Wheels, Remote Engine Start, Dual Zone A/C, Hands-Free Liftgate, Smart Device Integration, Apple CarPlay, WiFi Hotspot. Leather Seats, MP3 Player, Keyless Entry, Remote Trunk Release, Steering Wheel Controls. BMW 840i with Alpine White exterior and Fiona Red/Black interior features a Straight 6 Cylinder Engine with 335 HP at 5000 RPM*.
OPTION PACKAGES
M SPORT PACKAGE Shadowline Exterior Trim, M Steering Wheel, M Sport Package (337), Without Lines Designation Outside, Wheels: 19 x 8 Fr & 19 x 9 Rr M Dble-Spk (1PZ), (Style 727M), Bi-color, Tires: 245/40R19 Fr & 275/35R19 Rr MT, Multi-Functional Seats, Aerodynamic Kit, Stainless Steel Fabric Trim, DRIVING ASSISTANCE PACKAGE Lane Departure Warning, Active Park Distance Control, Drive Recorder, Surround View w/3D View, Rear View Camera, Active Driving Assistant, cross-traffic alert rear and speed limit information, Active Blind Spot Detection, Parking Assistant Plus, COMFORT SEATING PACKAGE Front Ventilated Seats, Multi-Functional Seats, Neck Warmer.
AFFORDABLE TO OWN
This 840i is priced $1,800 below J.D. Power Retail.
Pricing analysis performed on 7/2/2026. Horsepower calculations based on trim engine configuration. Fuel economy calculations based on original manufacturer data for trim engine configuration. Please confirm the accuracy of the included equipment by calling us prior to purchase.